What is iron toxicity in rice?
Iron toxicity is a syndrome of disorder associated with large concentrations of reduced iron (Fe2+) in the soil solution. It only occurs in flooded soils and hence affects primarily the production of lowland rice.
How does rice defend against excess iron?
Defense 1 (Fe Exclusion from Roots) Under Fe excess condition, rice plants employ a defense mechanism of Fe exclusion, a root-based tolerant mechanism through inhibition of root Fe uptake.
Which variety of rice is resistant to iron toxicity?
Based on LBS and Fe content in the tissues, Becker and Asch (2005) defined two types of tolerant varieties, i.e., the includers which have a high Fe content but low leaf bronzing and the excluders which have a low Fe content and low leaf bronzing.
What happens if you give a plant too much iron?
Excess iron can produce symptoms of stunted growth and discolored bronzing foliage. Some plants that are prone to iron toxicity include seed and zonal geraniums, lisianthus, African marigolds, pentas, New Guinea impatiens and lilies.
How do you control iron toxicity?
To control:
- Balance the use of fertilizers (NPK or NPK + lime)
- Apply sufficient Potassium (K) fertilizer.
- Apply lime on acid soils, do not apply excessive amounts of organic matter (manure, straw) on soils containing large amounts of Fe and organic matter and where drainage is poor.
What is the toxicity of iron?
Iron toxicity can be classified as corrosive or cellular. Ingested iron can have an extremely corrosive effect on the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, which can manifest as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hematemesis, and diarrhea; patients may become hypovolemic because of significant fluid and blood loss.
What is Khaira disease of rice?
Until very recently zinc deficiency of the rice plant had not been shown to occur in the field. Y. L. NENE (1) was the first to show that a foliar application of zinc sulfate corrects a disorder of the rice plant long known as Khaira disease in North-Central India.
How do you fix iron toxicity in soil?
How do you know if your plants need iron?
Symptoms for Iron Deficiency in Plants The most obvious symptom of iron deficiency in plants is commonly called leaf chlorosis. This is where the leaves of the plant turn yellow, but the veins of the leaves stay green.
How do you test for iron toxicity?
The diagnosis of iron toxicity is based on the history and clinical presentation. Serum iron levels are used to determine a patient’s potential for toxicity. A serum iron level measured at its peak, 4 to 6 hours after ingestion, is the most useful laboratory test.
What to do about iron toxicity in rice?
Iron toxicity is a major nutritional disorder in rice plants, especially in flooded areas. The use of alternative crop management practices, such as soil drainage, may mitigate negative impacts of iron toxicity, since soil aeration that follows drainage can oxidize and precipitate potentially toxic Fe ⁺² into Fe ³⁺ .
What are the symptoms of Fe toxicity in rice?
The common symptoms of Fe toxicity in rice is called leaf bronzing -brownish red spots which progresses from the tips of lower leaves and spread to the basal parts of the plant, followed by stunting, lowering of tiller number, and the poor development of the root system (Becker and Asch, 2005 ).
What kind of fertilizer to use for iron toxicity?
There is currently no practical field management option to treat iron toxicity. Where possible, Apply additional K, Phosphorus, and Magnesium fertilizers. Incorporate lime in the topsoil to raise pH in acid soils.